Paleogenómica y bioarqueología en México
Palabras clave:
ADN antiguo, paleogenómica, restos esqueléticos, ética, sustentabilidad.Resumen
El ADN antiguo se ha convertido en una herramienta importante de la investigación bioarqueológica. Los avances en métodos de laboratorio y secuenciación han hecho posible la recuperación de genomas completos a partir de restos humanos antiguos. La aplicación de los métodos paleogenómicos al estudio del abundante patrimonio cultural de México representa un gran potencial para investigar diversos escenarios de interés bioarqueológico, como lo son; el estudio de la diversidad poblacional humana antigua y la paleopatología, entre otros. Sin embargo, el estudio del ADN antiguo es inherentemente destructivo y tiene consecuencias irreversibles para el manejo sustentable de los recursos culturales. En este artículo presentamos un breve resumen de la historia de la investigación con ADN antiguo y sus aplicaciones a la bioarqueología mexicana. Discutimos algunas preocupaciones éticas del muestreo destructivo y proveemos recomendaciones para conducir investigación ética y sustentable con restos esqueléticos humanos de contextos mexicanos y latinoamericanos. Concluimos con una reflexión sobre el futuro del campo de la paleogenómica en México.
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