Observaciones astronómicas desde el Templo del Sol

Autores/as

  • Alonso Mendez
  • Edwin L. Barnhart
  • Christopher Powell
  • Carol Karasik

Palabras clave:

Arqueología, Astronomía, Palenque

Resumen

Durante los solsticios, equinoccios, y pasajes del cenit y nadir durante los últimos cuatro años, los autores observaron el Sol desde el Templo del Sol en Palenque. Este estudio describe en detalle los estudios realizados y presenta nuevas evidencias con respecto a la orientación astronómica del templo. La segunda sección presenta una posible metodología para el plan arquitectónico y diseño del templo. La sección final atiende a las referencias astronómicas en el texto y en la iconografía de la Lápida del Sol.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Aldana, Gerardo, 2001. “Oracular Science: Uncertainty in the History of Maya Astronomy, 500-1600.” Doctoral thesis presented to the Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, 2004. “El trabajo del alma de Janahb Pakal: la cuenta de 819 días y la política de Kan Balam” in Culto Funerario en la Maya Clasico: IV Mesa Redonda de Palenque. Mexico: INAH.

Anderson, Neil, Alfonso Morales, and Moises Morales, 1981. “A Solar Alignment of the Palace Tower at Palenque.” Archaeoastronomy, The Bulletin of the Center for Archaeoastronomy.

Anderson, Neal and Moises Morales, 1981. “Solstitial Alignments of the Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque” in Archaeoastronomy Bulletin, v. 4, no.3, pp. 30-33.

Andersen, Tom, Peter Hanson, and Ted Leckie, 1997. Starry Night Deluxe. Sienna Software, Inc. Toronto. Anderson, Thor, 2004. Pers. Comm.

Aveni, Anthony F., 1980. Skywatchers of Ancient Mexico. Austin: University of Texas Press 2001. Skywatchers. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Aveni, Anthony F. and Horst Hartung, 1978. “Some Suggestions About the Arrangement of Buildings at Palenque,” in Proceedings of the Third Palenque Round Table, edited by Merle Greene Robertson, pp. 173-177. San Francisco: Pre-Columbian Research Institute, 1986. Maya City Planning and the Calendar. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 76, part 7. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society.

RECONOCIMIENTOS: Deseamos expresar nuestro agradecimiento a Moisés Morales Márquez y Alfonso Morales Cleveland por compartir generosamente sus conocimientos de arqueoastronomía; a Susan M. Prins, Xun Méndez, y Catherine B. Kahn por su participación en las observaciones; y a Thor Anderson, Susan Milbrath, David Stuart, Julia Miller, y Chip Morris por sus invaluables comentarios y sugerencias. También deseamos agradecerles su apoyo a Arnoldo González Cruz, director del Proyecto Arqueológico Palenque, a Juan Antonio Ferrer Aguilar, director de la Zona Arqueológica de Palenque, INAH, y la valiosa ayuda del personal de la Zona Arqueológica de Palenque. Finalmente queremos agradecer al maestro Francisco Álvarez Quiñones por su invaluable aportación en la traducción de este estudio.

Aveni, Anthony F. and Lorren D. Hotaling, 1996. “Monumental Inscriptions and the Observational Basis of Mayan Planetary Astronomy,” in Eighth Palenque Round Table, 1993, edited by Merle Greene Robertson, pp. 357-367. San Francisco: Pre- Columbian Research Institute.

Barnhart, Edwin L., 2000. “The Palenque Mapping Project: Settlement and Urbanism at an Ancient Maya City,” presented to the faculty of the graduate school of the University of Texas at Austin.

Bassett Leigh, 1999.Maya Date-Maya Calculator. PO Box 2509, Laurel, MD. 20709.

Bassie-Sweet, Karen, 1991. From the Mouth of the Dark Cave. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

Carlson, John B., 1976.“Astronomical Investigations and Site Orientation Influences at Palenque,” in The Art, Iconography and Dynastic History of Palenque, Part III, edited by Merle Greene Robertson, pp.107-117. Pebble Beach, CA: The Robert Louis Stevenson School.

Castenada, Quetzal and Jeffrey Hemple, 1999. “Incidents of Travel at Chichen Itza” DER, Somerville, MA.

Chan Chi, Felipe and Daniel E. Ayala Garza, 2003. “Observaciones de un arqueoastrónomo en Dzibilchaltun. Tras los pasos del arqueólogo Victor Segovia Pinto.” Paper presented at the XIII Encuentro Internacional, Los Investigadores de la Cultura Maya. Campeche: Universidad Autonomia de Campeche. Christenson, Allen J. 2003. Popol Vuh: The Sacred Book of the Maya. Winchester, U.K.:O Books. Coggins,

Clemency, 1996. “Creation Religion and the Numbers at Teotihuacan and Izapa,” in Res 29/30, pp. 16-38. Cambridge: The Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Eliade, Mircea, 1958. Patterns in Comparative Religion. New York: Sheed and Ward.

Fernández, Miguel Angel, 1991. Palenque, 1926-1945, Roberto García Mol, compilador. Mexico D.F.: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

Freidel, David, Linda Schele and Joy Parker, 1993. Maya Cosmos: Three Thousand Years on the Shaman’s Path. New York: William Morrow.

Gossen, Gary H., 1974. Chamulas in the World of the Sun: Time and Space in the Maya Oral Tradition. Prospect Heights: Waveland Press.

Grube, Nikolai, 2001. Mayas, Una Civilización Milenaria. Cologne: Konemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.

Hanna, William F., Claude E. Petrone, and others, 1996. “Geophysical Surveys at Mayan Archaeological Sites: Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico” Hanna GPR Report.

Harrison, Peter, 1994.“Spatial Geometry and Logic,” in Proceedings of the Seventh Palenque Round Table, edited by Merle Greene Robertson. San Francisco: The Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute.

Hartung, Horst, 1980.”Certain Visual Relations in the Palace at Palenque,” in Third Palenque Roundtable, 1978.pp Austin: The University of Texas Press.

Houston, Stephen, 1996. “Symbolic Sweatbaths of the Maya: Architectural Meaning in the Cross Group at Palenque, Mexico” in Latin American Antiquity, v. 7, no. 2, pp. 132-151.

Kelley, David H., 1976. Deciphering the Maya Script. Austin: University of Texas Press. 1980. “Astronomical Identities of Mesoamerican Gods” in Archaeoastronomy (Supplement to Journal for the History of Astronomy)2:S1-S54.

Karasik, Carol, ed., 1996. Mayan Tales from Zinacantán: Dreams and Stories from the People of the Bat, collected and translated by Robert M. Laughlin. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Krupp, E.C. 1983. Echoes of the Ancient Skies: The Astronomy of Lost Civilizations. New York: Harper and Row.

Lounsbury, Floyd, 1978. “Maya Numeration, Computation and Calendarical Astronomy” in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Volume 15, supplement 1, edited by Charles Coulston-Gillispie. New York: Charles Scribner and Sons, 1980. “Some Problems in the Interpretation of the Mythological Portion of the Hieroglyphic Text of the Temple of the Cross at Palenque” in Third Palenque Roundtable, 1978, Part 2, edited by Merle Greene Robertson, pp. 99-115. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985. “The Identities of the Mythological Figuras in the Cross Group Inscriptions of Palenque” in Fourth Palenque Round Table, 1980, pp. 45-58. San Francisco: Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute, 1989. “A Palenque King and the Planet Jupiter” in World Archaeoastronomy: Selected Papers from the Second Oxford International Conference on Archaeoastronomy, edited by Anthony F. Aveni, pp.246-259. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Malmström, Vincent H., 1997. Cycles of the Sun, Mysteries of the Moon: The Calendar in Mesoamerican Civilization. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Martin, Simon and Nikolai Grube, 2000. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens. London: Thames and Hudson.

Milbrath, Susan, 1988. “Representacion y orientacion Astronomica en la arquitectura de Chichen Itza,” Boletín de las Escuela de Ciencias Antropológicas de la Universidad de Yucatán, no.89, pp. 25-37, 1999. Star Gods of the Maya: Astronomy in Art, Folklore, and Calendars. Austin: University of Texas Press. , 2004. Pers. Comm.

Miller, Mary and Karl Taube, 1996. An Illustrated Dictionary of the Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London: Thames and Hudson. Montgomery, John, 2002. Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyphs. New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc.

Powell, Christopher, 1996. “A New View of Maya Astronomy.” Unpublished M.A. Thesis. University of Texas at Austin.

Robertson, Merle Greene, 1991. The Sculptures of Palenque, Vol.IV: The Cross Group, The North Group, The Olvidado, and Other Pieces. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Schele, Linda, 1976. “Accession Iconography in the Cross Group,” in Proceeedings of the Second Mesa Redonda, 1974, edited by Merle Greene Robertson. Pebble Beach, CA: The Robert Louis Stevenson School.

Schele, Linda and David Freidel, 1990. A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya. New York: William Morrow.

Schele, Linda and Peter Mathews, 1999. The Code of Kings: The Language of Seven Sacred Maya Temples and Tombs. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Schlak, Arthur, 1996. “Venus, Mercury, and the sun: GI, GII, and GIII of the Palenque Triad” in Res 29/30, pp.180-202. Cambridge: The Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.

Stuart, David, 2002. “The Hieroglyphic Inscriptions from Temple XIX at Palenque: A Commentary.” Mesoweb.

Stuart, David, 2005. Sourcebook for the 29th Maya Hieroglyphic Forum. Austin: The University of Texas at Austin.

Stuart, David, 2005. Pers. Comm. Taube, Karl Andreas, 1992. The Major Gods of Ancient Yucatan. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.

Tedlock, Barbara, 1992. “The Road of Light: Theory and Practice of Mayan Skywatching” in The Sky in Mayan Literature edited by Anthony F. Aveni, pp. 18- 42. New York: Oxford University Press.

Tedlock, Dennis, 1985. Popol Vuh. New York: Simon and Schuster. , 1992 “Myth, Math, and the Problem of Correlation in Mayan Books, ” in The Sky in Mayan Literature, pp.247-273, edited by Anthony F. Aveni. New York: Oxford University Press.

Vogt, Evon Z., 1990. The Zinacantecos of Mexico, A Modern Way of Life. Fort Worth: Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

Wald, Robert F., 1999. A Palenque Triad, edited by Peter Keeler. The Maya Workshop Foundation, Austin Texas.

Wauchope, Robert, 1938. Modern Maya Houses: A Study of Their Archaeological Significance. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institute of Washington.

Zeilik, Michael, 1985. “Ethnoastronomy of the Historic Pueblos, I: Calendrical Sun Watching” in Archaeoastronomy, no. 8, 1985. pp. 1-24.

Descargas

Publicado

2022-07-20

Cómo citar

Mendez, A., Barnhart, E. L., Powell, C., & Karasik, C. (2022). Observaciones astronómicas desde el Templo del Sol. Lakamha’, (54), 4–36. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.inah.gob.mx/index.php/lakamha/article/view/18136

Número

Sección

Artículos