Evolución de los enfoques de conservación: adopción de un enfoque centrado en las personas
Palabras clave:
conservación, gestión, patrimonio, enfoque en personas.Resumen
Los principios de conservación originados a mediados del siglo xix en Europa han actuado como núcleo del discurso con enfoques prácticos específicos para la protección de los vestigios materiales del pasado, con un importante hincapié en sus valores estéticos e históricos. Esos principios, que se originaron en opiniones expresadas por individuos o grupos pequeños, han evolucionado a lo largo del último siglo y medio. En este artículo se examina brevemente la evolución de los planteamientos, analizando tres periodos interconectados pero distintos: aquel anterior a 1970 (periodo centrado en la materia); el de 1960-1990 (periodo de transición); y aquel posterior a 1990 (periodo centrado en las personas). Se sostiene aquí que la evolución ha permitido abordar muchas lagunas y deficiencias heredadas durante las primeras fases del discurso. Una de esas lagunas era la gran atención que se prestaba a la materialidad, pasando por alto los valores del patrimonio centrados en las personas (incluidas las posibles contribuciones a los medios de subsistencia). El artículo demuestra que el factor humano adquirió un papel más destacado durante la fase posterior a 1990, haciendo hincapié en el desarrollo de un enfoque de la conservación centrado en las personas. Ello implica situar a las personas en el centro del discurso sobre el patrimonio, enfocándose así en el mantenimiento del patrimonio, así como en sus contribuciones al mantenimiento de la sociedad en general.
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