Núm. 51 (2016)
Artículos

Muerte al filo de la humanidad: algunas reflexiones en torno a la conciencia y los orígenes del pensamiento religioso

Roberto Martínez González
Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas-UNAM
Luis Nuñez
Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas-UNAM

Publicado 2017-05-24

Palabras clave

  • muerte,
  • origen de la religión,
  • evolución humana,
  • comportamiento animal,
  • funeraria

Cómo citar

Muerte al filo de la humanidad: algunas reflexiones en torno a la conciencia y los orígenes del pensamiento religioso. (2017). Arqueología, 51, 226-243. https://revistas.inah.gob.mx/index.php/arqueologia/article/view/10871

Resumen

A partir del análisis de múltiples evidencias etológicas y arqueológicas, se plantea establecer un diálogo entre las clásicas propuestas antropológicas sobre la conciencia de muerte
como motor del pensamiento religioso y los más recientes estudios sobre la conducta de homínidos fósiles y primates contemporáneos. Rastreando los más tempranos indicios de comportamiento simbólico, llegamos a la conclusión de que, lejos de haber existido una revolución cognitiva, la conciencia de muerte se nos presenta como una suerte de gradiente que oscila entre el mero reconocimiento perceptual y la elaboración de complejos conceptos. Se plantea incluso que algunos de los hábitos de los grandes simios, como las actitudes compasivas y el traslado de cadáveres, parecen haberse prolongado a lo largo de la evolución humana hasta tener eco en los muy variados procesos funerarios de las poblaciones actuales. De modo que, si la muerte hubiera tenido el rol germinal que los precursores de la antropología le atribuían, habríamos de considerar que lo religioso no necesariamente es una característica exclusiva del hombre actual.

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