Variación regional en la importancia y usos del maíz en el Formativo temprano y medio en la región olmeca: nuevos datos arqueobotánicos del asentamiento rural de San Carlos, Veracruz.
Palabras clave:
maíz, olmeca, agricultura, paleobotánicaResumen
Este artículo presenta los resultados de un análisis arqueobotánico de materiales obtenidos en el sitio de San Carlos, un asentamiento del Formativo temprano/medio ubicado en la cuenca del río Coatzacoalcos, a aproximadamente 9 km de San Lorenzo, Veracruz. Aunque en años recientes se han publicado datos arqueobotánicos sobre el área nuclear olmeca, todavía falta información para comprender las variaciones regionales y temporales de los hábitos alimenticios de los olmecas. Por ello presentamos los resultados macrobotánicos de San Carlos y proponemos una comparación cuantitativa con otros sitios del sur de Veracruz (La Joya y Tres Zapotes) que tienen elementos del periodo estudiado. El análisis revela que hay mucha variación entre los sitios, tanto en la existencia y abundancia del maíz como en la presencia de diferentes tipos de frutos, hecho que interpretamos, primero, por la ubicación geográfica de los asentamientos, directamente asociada al acceso a los recursos de las zonas ribereñas; y segundo, por la asociación a áreas con estructuras de poder sociopolítico en desarrollo.
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Clewlow, C. William Jr.
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Monumental Structure. Berkeley, University
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Cyphers, Ann, Zurita-Noguera, Judith,
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2013 Retos y riesgos en la vida olmeca. México, UNAM.
Dezendorf, C.
2013 The Effects of Food Processing on the
Archaeological Visibility of Maize: An
Experimental Study of Carbonization of Lime-
Treated Maize Kernels. Ethnobiology Letters, 4:
12-20.
Drucker, Philip
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P. Benson (coord.), The Olmec and Their
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Stirling (pp. 29-47). Washington D. C., Dumbarton
Oaks, Research Library and Collections.
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Nueva York, CABI Publishing.
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Cambridge University Press.
González Soriano, Enrique, Dirzo, Rudolfo
y Vogt, Richard C. (coords.)
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Greller, Andrew M.
2000 Vegetation in the Floristic Regions of North
and Central America. En D. L. Lentz (coord.),
Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in
the Precolumbian Americas (pp. 39-70). Nueva
York, Columbia University Press.
Hastorf, Christine A., y Popper, Virginia S. (coords.)
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and Cultural Interpretations of Archaeological
Plant Remains. Chicago, The University of
Chicago Press.
Heizer, Robert F.
1962 The Possible Sociopolitical Structure of
the La Venta Olmecs. Akten Internazionale
Amerikanisten Kongresses, 34: 310-317.
1971 Comentario en: The Olmec Region - Oaxaca.
En Robert F. Heizer y John A. Graham (coords.),
Observations on the Emergence of Civilization
in Mesoamerica (pp. 51-69). Berkeley,
Archaeological Research Facility (Contributions
to the University of California Archaeological
Research Facility, 11).
Henderson, Andrew, Galeano, Gloria, y Bernal, Rodrigo
1995 Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas.
Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press.
Hubbard, R. N. L. B.
1975 Assessing the Botanical Component of Human
Paleoeconomies. Bulletin of the Institute of
Archaeology, 12: 197-205.
1976 On the Strength of the Evidence for Prehistoric
Crop Processing Activities. Journal of
Archaeological Science, 3: 257-265.
1980 Development of Agriculture in Europe and the
Near East: Evidence from Quantitative Studies.
Economic Botany, 34: 51-67.
Hufford, Matthew B., Martínez Meyer, Enrique, Gaut,
Brandon S., Eguiarte, Luis E., y Tenaillon, Maud I.
2012 Inferences from the Historical Distribution of
Wild and Domesticated Maize Provide Ecological
and Evolutionary Insight. plos one, 7 (11):
Recuperado de: <doi: 10.1371/journal.
pone.0047659>, consultada el 27 de julio de 2018.
Ibarra Manriquez, Guillermo, y Sinaca Colin, Santiago
1987 Listados florísticos de México, VII. Manuscrito
archivado, Estación de Biología Tropical Los
Tuxtlas, Veracruz. México, UNAM.
Joralemon, Peter David
1971 A Study of Olmec Iconography. Washington, D. C.,
Dumbarton Oaks (Studies in Pre-Columbian Art
& Archaeology, 7).
Killion, Thomas
1992 Residential Ethnoarchaeology and Ancient
Site Structure: Contemporary Farming
and Prehistoric Settlement Agriculture at
Matacapan, Veracruz, Mexico. En Thomas
Killion (coord.), Gardens in Prehistory: The
Archaeology of Settlement Agriculture in Greater
Mesoamerica (pp. 119-149). Tuscaloosa,
University of Alabama Press.
2013 Nonagricultural Cultivation and Social
Complexity: The Olmec, Their Ancestors, and
Mexico’s Southern Gulf Coast Lowlands. Current
Anthropology, 54 (5): 569-606.
Kirkby, Anne V.
1973 The Use of Land and Water Resources in the
Past and Present Valley of Oaxaca. En Memoirs
5. Ann Arbor, Museum of Anthropology,
University of Michigan.
Kruger, Robert P.
1996 An Archaeological Survey in the Region of the
Olmec, Veracruz, Mexico. Tesis doctoral no
publicada. Department of Anthropology,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.
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2019-09-02
Cómo citar
Kruger, R. P. ., VAnDerwarker, A. M., & Garate López, D. . (2019). Variación regional en la importancia y usos del maíz en el Formativo temprano y medio en la región olmeca: nuevos datos arqueobotánicos del asentamiento rural de San Carlos, Veracruz. Arqueología, (56), 56–76. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.inah.gob.mx/index.php/arqueologia/article/view/14916
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