Molecular Anthropology and the Analysis of Mitochondrial dna from Nahua Populations from Central Mexico
Keywords:
mitochondrial haplogroups, mitochondrial DNA, modern Nahua populations, ancient NahuaAbstract
This study identifies the mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies, A, B, C and D, in present-day Nahua inhabiting the states of Hidalgo, Puebla, and San Luis Potosí. The results obtained were compared with those of other Nahua populations cited in the literature. In Nahua populations haplogroup A shows the highest frequency with a range of 46 to 74%, haplogroup D is the least frequent, with low frequencies from 2 to 17%. The present and ancient Nahua populations do not show a clear distribution pattern of mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies, in contrast to what has been observed in other populations of Mesoamerican origin, as the Maya (A, C, B and D, based on their decreasing frequency). In general, the results show significant genetic differences between the populations, especially the present-day Nahua of Veracruz compared within itself and with other Nahua populations, which could be the result of regional history and origin. Also, other modern Nahua populations from the same geographical region do not always show close genetic relations, such as the two Nahua populations from Mexico City, or those from Puebla and Hidalgo. In turn, four modern Nahua populations from different geographic regions show a genetic similarity that could be due to the presence of a continuous gene flow between them. Three other populations, the ancient Aztec from Mexico City, the ancient Nahua from Tlaxcala and the modern Nahua from the Puebla Sierra Norte studied here also show a close genetic relation that could be owed to a common origin.
Downloads
References
Álvarez-Sandoval, Brenda Arizai et al. (2015). “Genetic Evidence Supports the Multiethnic Character of Teopancazco, a Neighborhood Center of Teotihuacan, Mexico (AD 200-600)”. PLOS ONE, 10(7).
Avilés Chávez, Víctor Hugo. Estudio del dna mitocondrial en indígenas nahuas que habitan los estados de Puebla e Hidalgo. Tesis de licenciatura en biología, Facultad de Ciencias-UNAM, México. En prensa.
Brown, Michael D. et al. (1998). “mtDNA haplogroup X: an ancient link between Europe/Western Asia and North America?”. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 63(6), pp. 1852-1861. Recuperado de: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929707616292
Cabrera, Antonio J. (2002). La Huasteca potosina: ligeros apuntes sobre este país. México: El Colegio de San Luis/CIESAS.
Campbell, Lyle (1997). “Languages of North America”. En American Indian Languages (pp.107-138). Nueva York: Oxford.
Cavalli-Sforza, Luca et al. (1994). “Introduction to Concepts, Data, and Methods”. The History and Geography of Human Genes (pp.7-11). Nueva Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Clavijero, Francisco Javier (2003). Historia antigua de México. México: Porrúa.
Cruz, Isabel de la et al. (2008). “Sex identification of children sacrificed to the ancient Aztec rain gods in Tlatelolco”. Current Anthropology, 49 (3), pp. 519-526.
Dopazo, Hernán (2009). “Genómica, bioinformática y evolución: una alianza estratégica para la biología del nuevo siglo”. Ciencia hoy, 19 (113), pp. 88-93. Recuperado de: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4316235
Eshleman, Jason A. et al. (2003). “Mitochondrial dna studies of Native Americans: conceptions and misconceptions of the population prehistory of the Americas”. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews, 12 (1), p. 18.
Excoffier, Laurent et al. (2005). “Arlequin (version 3.0): An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis”. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online, 1(4), 47-50. Recuperado de: http://www.cmpg.unibe.ch/software/arlequin3513/man/Arlequin35.pdf
Fagan, Brian Murray (1984). The Aztecs. Nueva York: W. H. Freeman.
García Martínez, Bernardo (1987). Los pueblos de la sierra: el poder y el espacio entre los indios del norte de Puebla hasta 1700. México: El Colegio de México.
Gibson, Charles (1964). Aztecs under Spanish rule: a history of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, 1519-1810. Redwood City: Stanford University Press.
Goodman, Morris (1964). Man’s place in the phylogeny of the primates as reflected in serum proteins. En Washburn, Sherwood L. (ed.) Classification and human evolution (pp. 204-234). Londres / Nueva York: Routledge Library Editions.
González-Martín, Antonio (coord.) (2006). Historia biológica del hombre en América: aproximaciones desde la antropología física. Pachuca: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo.
_____ et al. (2015). “Demographic History of Indigenous Populations in Mesoamerica Based on mtDNA Sequence Data”. PLOS ONE, 10(8).
González-Oliver, Angélica et al. (2001). “Founding amerindian mitochondrial dna lineages in ancient Maya from Xcaret, Quintana Roo”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 11 6(3), pp. 230-235. Recuperado de: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajpa.1118
_____ (2013). “Análisis del dna mitocondrial antiguo y contemporáneo: un acercamiento a las relaciones genéticas en las poblaciones indígenas de Mesoamérica”. Cuicuilco, 20 (58), pp. 153-171. Recuperado de: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S018516592013000300009&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en
_____ (2017). “Mitochondrial dna Analysis of Mazahua and Otomi Indigenous Populations from Estado de México Suggests a Distant Common Ancestry”. Human Biology, 89 (3), pp. 195-216.
Gorostiza, Amaya et al. (2012). “Reconstructing the history of Mesoamerican populations through the study of the mitochondrial DNA control region”. PLoS One, 7(9).
Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) (2010). “Conteo de población y vivienda. Tabulados básicos. México”. Recuperado de: http://www.inegi.org.mx/default.aspx
Kemp, Brian Matthew et al. (2005). “An analysis of ancient Aztec mtdna from Tlatelolco: Pre Columbian relations and the spread of Uto-Aztecan”. En Reed, D. M. (ed.), Biomolecular Archaeology: Genetic Approaches to the Past (pp. 22-42). 19th Visiting Scholar Conference, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University.
_____ (2010). “Evaluating the farming/language dispersal hypothesis with genetic variation exhibited by populations in the Southwest and Mesoamerica”. pnas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(15), pp. 6759-6764. Recuperado de: http://www.pnas.org/content/107/15/6759.full
León-Portilla, Miguel (1961). Los antiguos mexicanos. México: FCE.
Liu, Lin et al. (2012). “Comparison of next-generation sequencing systems”. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, pp. 1-11.
Malhi, Ripan Singh et al. (2003). “Native American mtdna prehistory in the American Southwest”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 120 (2), pp. 108-124. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10138
Mata-Míguez, Jaime et al. (2012). “The genetic impact of Aztec imperialism: ancient mitochondrial dna evidence from Xaltocan, Mexico”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 149 (4), pp. 504-516.
Matos Moctezuma, Eduardo (1989). The Aztecs. Nueva York: Rizzoli.
Mizuno, Fuzuki et al. (2017). “Characterization of complete mitochondrial genomes of indigenous Mayans in Mexico”. Annals of Human Biology, 44 (7), pp. 652-658. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2017.1358393
Noguez, Xavier (2014). “La zona del Altiplano central en el Posclásico: la etapa tolteca”. En Historia antigua de México. vol. III: El horizonte Posclásico y algunos aspectos intelectuales de las culturas mesoamericanas (pp. 199-236). México: Porrúa / Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia / Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Ochoa-Lugo, Mirna Isabel et al. (2016). “Genetic Affiliation of Pre-Hispanic and Contemporary Mayas through Maternal Linage”. Human Biology, 88(2), pp. 136-167. Recuperado de: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.13110/humanbiology.88.2.0136
Pääbo, Svante (1985). “Molecular cloning of ancient egiptian mummy dna”. Nature, 314, pp. 644-645.
_____ (1993). Molecular applications in Biological Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
_____ et al. (1989). “Ancient dna and the polymerase chain reaction”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 264, pp. 9709-9712.
Peñaloza-Espinosa, Rosenda et al. (2007). “Characterization of mtDNA haplogroups in 14 Mexican indigenous populations”. Human Biology, 79 (3), pp. 313-320. Recuperado de: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1353/hub.2007.0042
Reguero Reza, María Teresa. (2014). “La secuenciación del ADN: consideraciones históricas y técnicas”. Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología, 16 (1), 5-8. Recuperado de: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1677190590?pq-origsite=gscholar
Rodríguez-Santiago, Benjamín y Armengol, Lluís (2012). “Tecnologías de secuenciación de nueva generación en diagnóstico genético pre- y postnatal”. Diagnóstico Prenatal, 23 (2), pp. 56-66.
RStudio, Inc. 2018. RStudio. Version 1.1.456-2009-2018.
Sandoval, Karla et al. (2009). “Linguistic and maternal genetic diversity are not correlated in Native Mexicans”. Human Genetics, 126(4), p. 521.
Scheffler, Lilian (1992). “Nahuas”. En Los indígenas mexicanos (pp. 153-163). México: Panorama.
Schwaller, John (2012). “The Expansion of Nahuatl as Lingua Franca among Priests in Sixteenth-Century Mexico”. Ethnohistory, 59(4), pp. 675-690.
StatSoft Incorporation (2011). “STATISTICA data analysis software system. Version 10”. Recuperado de: https://www.statsoft.com
Stoneking, Mark (1997). “The Human Genome Project and Molecular Anthropology”. Genome Research, 7 (2), pp. 87-91.
Tajima, Fumio y Nei, Masatoshi. (1984). “Estimation of evolutionary distance between nucleotide sequences”. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 1(3), pp. 269-285. Recuperado de: https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/1/3/269/1244029
Torroni, Antonio et al. (1992). “Native American mitochondrial dna analysis indicates that the Amerind and the Nadene populations were founded by two independent migrations”. Genetics, 130(1), pp. 153-162. Recuperado de: http://www.genetics.org/content/130/1/153.short
_____ (1993). “Asian affinities and continental radiation of the four founding Native American mtDNAs”. American Journal of Human Genetics, 53(3), p. 563. Recuperado de: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1682412/
Townsend, Richard Fraser (1992). Aztecs, Londres: Thames and Hudson.
World Medical Association (2018). Declaration of Helsinki, Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Recuperado de: https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declarationof-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/
Zuckerkandl, Emile (1964). “Perspectives in Molecular Anthropology”. En Washburn, S. L. (ed.), Classification and human evolution (pp. 243-272). Londres / Nueva York: Routledge Library Editions.
_____ et al. (1960). “A comparison of animal hemoglobins by tryptic peptide pattern analysis”. PNAS. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 46, pp. 1349-1360.
